Essays
Original write-ups on space energy, data-center power, lunar industry, and the models that run the numbers. Independent publisher.
Mass Drivers Explained: Launching Cargo Off the Moon Without Rockets
How electromagnetic mass drivers work, why the Moon is the perfect place for one, and the physics of track length, g-load, and power — with a free simulator.
How Many Starships Does a Mars Colony Actually Need?
Fleet size, synodic launch windows, refueling tanker ratios, and cargo math for a Mars settlement — explore the numbers with a free fleet planner.
Is a Crewed Mars Mission Feasible? The Numbers That Decide
Transit time, radiation dose, consumables, and abort options — the quantitative trade study behind crewed Mars missions, with a free simulator.
Lunar ISRU Explained: Making Oxygen and Fuel From Moon Dirt
Oxygen from regolith, water ice at the poles, process energy budgets, and what to optimize first — with a free tool.
Space Radiation and Life Support: How Much Protection Does a Crew Need?
GCR and solar particle events, shielding mass trades, dose limits, and life-support loop closure — the crew survival budget, with a free simulator.
What Does It Really Cost to Land a Kilogram on the Moon?
From $1.2M/kg CLPS missions to projected sub-$10k/kg futures: the cost stack of lunar delivery, and how reuse and ISRU bend the curve.
How Much Power Does a Data Center Use? (2026 Numbers + Calculator)
From a single rack to gigawatt AI campuses: how data center power is calculated, what PUE means, and a free calculator to model your own.
How Many Solar Panels Would It Take to Power the World?
Terawatts of demand, capacity factors, overbuild, land area vs the Sahara — and a free calculator to run the planetary numbers yourself.
Space-Based Solar Power: How It Works and What It Would Cost
No night, no clouds, 36% more sunlight — the physics, the beaming problem, launch economics, and free calculators to model it.
Helium-3 Mining on the Moon: The Real Math Behind the Hype
Fusion-relevant and absurdly dilute: what lunar He-3 concentrations actually imply, with free calculators for the mining economics.
Delta-V Explained: How to Budget a Space Mission (Free Calculator)
What delta-v is, why the rocket equation rules spaceflight, and how to build a mission delta-v budget — with a free calculator that runs in your browser.
How to Size Solar + Battery for a 24/7 Load (Free Calculator)
How much solar and battery does it take to run a constant load around the clock? The sizing math, a worked 100 MW example, and a free in-browser calculator.
What Does a Million AI Tokens Cost in Energy? (Free Calculator)
The physical floor of AI pricing: joules per token plus silicon per token. The math, a worked example, and a free calculator.